Turcos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22151/politikon.6212Keywords:
migration, turcos, Arabs, Middle East, integration, Latin AmericaAbstract
TURCOS: A derogatory misnomer applied to Arab, Armenian, Jewish, and other Middle Eastern immigrants arriving in Latin America from the 1880s onward, whose Ottoman travel documents led host societies to conflate vastly different ethnic, religious, and national backgrounds under a single racialising label. Far from a mere linguistic error, turco encodes a history of orientalisation, commercial exclusion, and political weaponisation directed at diasporic communities across the region. Its meanings have never been fixed: simultaneously an insult, a term of endearment, a political slur, and a marker of diasporic identity, turco illuminates how mislabelling functions as a form of social differentiation—and how racialised communities negotiate, appropriate, and contest imposed identities across generations.
TURCOS: Gentilicio despectivo y erróneo aplicado a inmigrantes árabes, armenios, judíos y de otros orígenes de Oriente Medio que llegaron a América Latina desde la década de 1880, cuyos documentos de viaje otomanos llevaron a las sociedades de acogida a confundir orígenes étnicos, religiosos y nacionales muy diversos bajo una única etiqueta racializante. Lejos de ser un simple error lingüístico, turco codifica una historia de orientalización, exclusión comercial y explotación política dirigida contra las comunidades diaspóricas de la región. Sus significados nunca han sido fijos: insulto, apelativo cariñoso, arma política e indicador de identidad diaspórica a la vez, turco ilumina cómo el etiquetado erróneo funciona como tecnología de diferenciación social—y cómo las comunidades racializadas negocian, se apropian de y disputan las identidades impuestas a lo largo de generaciones.
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