Generosity

Authors

  • Mauricio Palma-Gutiérrez Universidad del Rosario

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22151/politikon.6206

Keywords:

generosity, migration policy, migrants and refugees, migration management, Latin America and the Caribbean

Abstract

GENEROSITY: A polyfunctional and contested idea operating across three overlapping dimensions in Latin American migration governance. As a nominal device, it invokes moral virtue to legitimise reception policies that exceed minimum expectations while masking their selective and self-interested character. As a performative act, it shapes political identities of governments and institutions vis-à-vis migrants and the international community. As a transformative force, it empowers migrants and local actors to contest dominant governance schemes from below. Generosity thus sits at the unstable intersection of solidarity, self-interest, and political contestation—never neutral, always appropriated.

GENEROSIDAD: Idea polifuncional y en disputa que opera en tres dimensiones superpuestas dentro de la gobernanza migratoria en América Latina. Como dispositivo nominal, invoca la virtud moral para legitimar políticas de recepción que superan expectativas mínimas de acción, aunque su naturaleza se mantenga selectiva e interesada. Como acto performativo, moldea las identidades políticas de gobiernos e instituciones frente a los migrantes y la comunidad internacional. Como fuerza transformadora, impulsa a migrantes y actores locales para impugnar desde abajo los esquemas dominantes de gobernanza. La generosidad se sitúa así en la inestable intersección entre solidaridad, interés propio y contestación política: nunca neutral, siempre apropiada.

References

Allen, Summer. 2018. “The Science of Generosity.” University of California, Berkeley. https://ggsc.berkeley.edu/images/uploads/GGSC-JTF_White_Paper-Generosity-FINAL.pdf.

Álvarez Velasco, Soledad, and Cristina Cielo. 2023. “Circulations and Solidarities in the Darién: As Thousands Cross the Perilous Jungle Gap Linking Colombia to Central America Every Day, One Panamanian Border Town Is Transformed by the Multiple Lives and Competing Interests That Intersect on the Migrant Trail.” NACLA Report on the Americas 55 (4): 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2023.2280318.

Araya Adión, Berny, and Javier Córdoba. 2025. “Costa Rica and Panama Coordinate to Move Southbound Migrants.” The Independent, March 4. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/panama-costa-rica-donald-trump-united-states-nicaragua-b2708387.html.

Barbieri, Nicolás Gissi, Jacques Ramírez Gallegos, María del Pilar Ospina Grajales, Bárbara Pincowsca Cardoso Campos, and Sebastián Polo Alvis. 2020. “Respuestas de los países del Pacífico suramericano ante la migración venezolana: Estudio comparado de políticas migratorias en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú.” Diálogo Andino, no. 63 (December): 219–233. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-26812020000300219.

Berríos-Riquelme, José. 2021. “Labor Market Insertion of Professional Venezuelan Immigrants in Northern Chile: Precariousness and Discrimination in the Light of Migration Policy.” REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 29 (62): 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006208.

Bolsonaro, Jair. 2021. “Averiguação da Operação Acolhida, situação do estado com os impactos dos refugiados…” X. https://x.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1453016459651715081.

Brumat, Leiza, and Marcia Vera Espinoza. 2024. “Actors, Ideas, and International Influence: Understanding Migration Policy Change in South America.” International Migration Review 58 (1): 319–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183221142776.

Butler, Judith. 2006. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge Classics. London and New York: Routledge.

Cintra, Natalia, and Patrícia Nabuco Martuscelli. 2025. “Wall of Visas: How Race Impacts the Externalisation of (Forced) Migration Control in South–South Migration Corridors.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, April 7, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2025.2484410.

Domenech, Eduardo, and María Eugenia Boito. 2019. “‘Luchas migrantes’ en Sudamérica: Reflexiones críticas desde la mirada de la autonomía de las migraciones.” In América Latina en movimiento: migraciones, límites a la movilidad y sus desbordamientos, edited by Blanca Cordero, Sandro Mezzadra, and Amarela Varela. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México.

Ellingsen, Tore, and Magnus Johannesson. 2011. “Conspicuous Generosity.” Journal of Public Economics 95 (9–10): 1131–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.05.002.

Fassin, Didier. 2010. La raison humanitaire: une histoire morale du présent. Paris: Seuil/Gallimard.

Fouillioux Bambach, Matías, and Aline Bravo Sandoval. 2025. “Prácticas de acogida e integración de migrantes en Costa Rica y República Dominicana.” Relaciones Internacionales 98 (1). https://doi.org/10.15359/98-1.2.

Freier, Luisa Feline. 2015. “A Liberal Paradigm Shift?: A Critical Appraisal of Recent Trends in Latin American Asylum Legislation.” In Exploring the Boundaries of Refugee Law, edited by Jean-Pierre Gauci, Mariagiulia Giuffré, and Evangelia Lilian Tsourdi, vol. 3, 118–145. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff.

Freier, Luisa Feline, and Marta Luzes. 2022. “How Humanitarian Are Humanitarian Visas?: An Analysis of Theory and Practice in Latin America.” In Latin America and Refugee Protection, edited by Liliana Lyra Jubilut, Marcia Vera Espinoza, and Gabriela Mezzanotti. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781800731158-018.

Gandini, Luciana, Alethia Fernández de la Reguera Ahedo, and Juan Carlos Narváez Gutiérrez. 2020. Caravanas. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.

Herrera Rosales, Erika. 2025. Ambivalent Humanitarianism and Migration Control: Colonial Legacies and the Experiences of Migrants in Mexico. Routledge Studies in Criminal Justice, Borders and Citizenship. London and New York: Routledge.

Komter, Aafke. 2010. “The Evolutionary Origins of Human Generosity.” International Sociology 25 (3): 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580909360301.

Moulin Aguiar, Carolina, and Bruno Magalhães. 2020. “Operation Shelter as Humanitarian Infrastructure: Material and Normative Renderings of Venezuelan Migration in Brazil.” Citizenship Studies 24 (5): 642–662.

Palma-Gutiérrez, Mauricio. 2021. “The Politics of Generosity: Colombian Official Discourse towards Migration from Venezuela, 2015–2018.” Colombia Internacional, no. 106 (April): 29–56. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint106.2021.02.

Palma-Gutiérrez, Mauricio. 2023. “‘Migrants Are Citizens Too!’: Everyday Acts of Citizenship and the Lived Experiences of Venezuelans across the Andes.” Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies 12 (1): 30–52. https://doi.org/10.18085/1549-9502.2023.10.SI.001.002.

Palma-Gutiérrez, Mauricio. 2024. “Autonomy and Struggle in Times of Viral Borders: Venezuelans across the South American Andes During COVID-19.” Geopolitics 29 (3): 924–961. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2023.2193693.

Palma-Gutiérrez, Mauricio. 2025. “Migrant Struggles in the Darién Gap/Tapón: Unclogging a More-than-Human Border.” Political Geography. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2025.103426.

Palma-Gutiérrez, Mauricio, and Tom Long. 2022. “Política exterior colombiana y performatividad: ¿un ‘buen miembro’ del orden internacional liberal?” Desafíos 34 (Especial). https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.11844.

Papadopoulos, Dimitris, and Vassilis Tsianos. 2013. “After Citizenship: Autonomy of Migration, Organisational Ontology and Mobile Commons.” Citizenship Studies 17 (2): 178–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.780736.

Rai, Shirin M., Milija Gluhovic, Silvija Jestrovic, and Michael Saward. 2021. “Politics and/as Performance, Performance and/as Politics.” In The Oxford Handbook of Politics and Performance. Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Riggirozzi, Pía, and Cintia Quiliconi. 2026. “Latin American Migration Governance: The Politics of Ambiguity and Adhocracy.” International Affairs 102 (1): 165–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf233.

Selee, Andrew, and Jessica Bolter. 2021. “Colombia’s Open-Door Policy: An Innovative Approach to Displacement?” International Migration 59 (6): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12839.

Stang Alva, María Fernanda. 2021. “De experiencias de solidaridad a la politización en la precariedad: mujeres migrantes y organización social en tiempos de ‘estallido’ y pandemia.” Polis: Revista Latinoamericana, no. 60.

Trabalón, Carina. 2024. “Racialised Control Policies in the South American Border Regime: The Intensification of ‘Transit Migration’ in Times of COVID-19.” Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, April 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/23996544241246943.

Varela Huerta, Amarela. 2020. “Caravanas de migrantes y refugiados centroamericanos: un feminismo para abrazar las fugas de quienes buscan preservar la vida.” Revista de Antropología Social 29 (2): 213–227. https://doi.org/10.5209/raso.71669.

Vasconcelos, Iana dos Santos, and Igor José de Reno Machado. 2021. “Uma missão eminentemente humanitária? Operação Acolhida e a gestão militarizada nos abrigos para migrantes venezuelanos/as em Boa Vista-RR.” REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 29 (63): 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006307.

Vera Espinoza, Marcia. 2018. “The Limits and Opportunities of Regional Solidarity: Exploring Refugee Resettlement in Brazil and Chile.” Global Policy 9 (1): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12534.

Published

2026-05-14

How to Cite

Palma-Gutiérrez, Mauricio. 2026. “Generosity”. Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 27 (1). Online. https://doi.org/10.22151/politikon.6206.